California Electric Substations 2022

Substations use fiber optic communication

For monitoring and managing networks, they use a variety of means of communications, including running fiber optic cables along the transmission and distribution towers, radio links and contracting landline and cellular communications services from telecom carriers. These assets are monitored, controlled, and protected by a complex collection of devices to ensure safe and efficient operation of the grid. The products used in these applications must be able. Electrical substations, provide an efficient means to deliver power to end users. The most common arrangement includes: 2.