FBG sensors operate based on the Bragg diffraction principle, where specific wavelengths of light are reflected back when they interact with a grating—a periodic variation in the refractive index along the fiber core, which is illustrated in Figure 2. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have emerged as advanced tools for monitoring a wide range of physical parameters in various fields, including structural health, aerospace, biochemical, and environmental applications. Their unique attributes—compactness, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and multiplexing capabilities—make them a compelling choice for industries ranging from. Abstract: With the development of fiber optical technologies, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are frequently utilized in structural health monitoring due to their considerable advantages, including fast response, electrical passivity, corrosion resistance, multi-point sensing capability and. Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors are now a revolutionary technology in the optical sensing area, recognized for their high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and reliability of operation in demanding environments. The refractive index is permanently changed according to the exposed light intensity.