An optical waveguide is a spatially inhomogeneous structure for guiding light, i. Optical waveguides. An optical waveguide guides light efficiently and confines energy in one direction using a core surrounded by cladding. You encounter this technology in devices that power high-speed internet and advanced displays. They are essential for high-speed, low-power information transmission that overcomes. Waveguides are typically rectangular or circular in cross section and guide microwaves, radio waves and light waves (optical waveguides) with low loss. Many factors affect how waveguides propagate different electromagnetic waves, including: Waveguides are often confused with coaxial cables because. Optical waveguides and integrated optical devices are promising solutions for many applications, such as medical diagnosis, health monitoring and light therapies. Despite the many existing reviews focusing on the materials that these devices are made from, a systematic review that relates these.